
Kamis, 3 Mei 2012, saat Hari Kebebasan Pers Internasional berlangsung, puluhan wartawan di Kota Bandung menggelar unjuk rasa. Di halaman Gedung Sate mereka menuntut dan mengecam atas kasus kekerasan yang terjadi terhadap wartawan. Kekerasan terhadap wartawan memang terjadi, bahkan sering. Di tengah banyaknya polemik yang terjadi di Indonesia, wartawanlah yang menjadi penyeimbang keadaan. Masyarakat kerap kebingungan dengan situasi yang terjadi lantaran tidak berimbangnya berita yang disajikan wartawan.
Sejak era reformasi hingga saat ini, rakyat Indonesia banyak disuguhkan dengan pemberitaan media massa tentang konflik. Sebut saja kasus Suku Dayak dan Madura di Kalimantan atau konflik Poso di Sulawesi beberapa tahun silam yang merenggut banyak korban. Tidak ada satu orang pun yang berharap konflik itu terjadi, namun di sini media menjalankan perannya sebagai issue intensifier. Dengan sigap wartawan memberitakan realita yang terjadi tanpa keberpihakan terhadap suatu golongan. Maka dari situ, rakyat bisa menilai.
Itu sekarang, lain halnya saat pra-reformasi ketika kebebasan pers cenderung dibatasi. Paradigma masyarakat Indonesia seolah dibentuk oleh rezim Orde Baru yang menggenggam penuh posisi media massa. Filterisasi pemberitaan yang tidak berimbang membuat rakyat salah kaprah. ‘Aman-aman saja’, mungkin itu yang tersirat dalam benak rakyat Indonesia ketika tidak adanya pemberitaan tentang konflik. Nyatanya, konflik terjadi di mana-mana. Hanya saja pers saat itu tidak bebas, banyak media khususnya cetak yang dibredel. Hal yang kontradiktif karena dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers dikatakan, “kemerdekaan pers adalah hak asasi setiap warga negara.”
Hak asasi itulah yang menyebabkan banyak bermunculan jurnalis rakyat. Saat konflik terjadi, sedangkan wartawan terkendala saat peliputan, maka jurnalis rakyatlah menjadi solusi, selain pers mahasiswa tentunya. Tapi tidak dimungkiri jika ada pula wartawan yang conflict diminisher, konflik atau peristiwa yang terjadi sengaja tidak dikabarkan demi suatu kepentingan, baik ideologis maupun pragmatis. Hal yang sangat berbahaya jika terjadi. Rakyat bisa salah persepsi tentang suatu peristiwa yang terjadi. Tidak sedikit konflik yang terjadi karena pemberitaan wartawan yang cenderung berpihak kepada suatu golongan.
Namun, seiring berkembangnya sistem informasi yang pesat, rakyat harus lebih waspada. Berita bisa datang kapan saja dan dari siapa saja dan tentunya rakyat harus pintar mengolah suatu berita dan tidak langsung mencernanya begitu saja. Banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan, terutama dari mana sumber berita itu berasal. Paranoia rakyat bisa saja terbentuk oleh pemberitaan yang ‘mengada-ada’. Masih ingat dengan gegernya warga lereng Gunung Merapi karena diberitakan gunung tersebut akan meletus oleh salah satu media di stasiun televisi swasta? Ya, itu salah satu contoh berita yang tidak layak karena hanya bermodalkan asumsi.
Semoga media massa di Indonesia dapat menyajikan berita-berita yang tidak hanya mengabarkan kebenaran, namun dapat meredam konflik yang terjadi.
AGUNG GUNAWAN SUTRISNA
Pemimpin Redaksi Jumpa Online 2011

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