Tepat 43 tahun yang lalu, 25 Desember 1977 pada perayaan Hari Natal, aktor komedi legendaris film bisu Charlie Chaplin meninggal dunia. Seorang penulis naskah, sutradara, produser, penyunting, aktor sekaligus komposer musik di beberapa film yang diperaninya ini meninggal di rumahnya di Vevey, Swiss diusia 88 tahun.
Charles Spencer Chaplin, begitu nama lengkapnya, lahir di London, Inggris pada 16 April 1889. Ayah dan ibunya adalah seorang seniman yang cukup terkenal di London.
Chaplin hidup dalam kekurangan sejak kecil. Dalam biografiku.com dijelaskan bahwa, ayahnya yang seorang pemabuk meninggal ketika Chaplin berusia 12 tahun, ibunya menderita gangguan mental yang mengharuskannya dirawat di rumah sakit jiwa.
Chaplin bersama kakak sekandung lain bapaknya bekerja untuk tetap menyambung hidup dengan melakukan pertunjukkan komedia.
Chaplin mulai tur bersama Fred Karno, masuk dunia industri film di Amerika Serikat pada usia 18 tahun, mengikat kontrak bersama Fred Karno. Pada usia 24 tahun, Chaplin menandatangani kontrak studio Keystone, California, sutradara Mack Sennett telah melihat potensi Chaplin diberbagai panggung di New York.
Chaplin terkenal dalam perannya di film The Tramp (1915) karena sosok Chaplin yang khas dengan mantel kecil, celana gombrong, sepatu floppy, kumis kecil dan membawa tongkat mulai dikenal banyak masyarakat.
Chaplin menyutradai berbagai film antara lain The Kid (1921), A Woman of Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), The Circus (1928), Limelight (1952) dan masih banyak lagi. Lalu ia juga menerima berbagai penghargaan, salah satunya Golden Lion istimewa di Festival Film Venesia (1972).
Kesuksesan tersebut turut mengubah hidup Chaplin. Ia jadi kaya dan, mengutip Richard Brody dalam The New Yorker, ia menggunakan kekayaannya sebagai alat berkesenian.
Bersama Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford dan D. W. Griffith, Chaplin mendirikan studio United Artists (UA) pada tahun 1919 di La Brea Avenue Hollywood.
Di antara film yang dibintanginya, The Great Dictator (1940), jadi puncak kreasi Chaplin.
Ia tampil dengan olok-olok terhadap Adolf Hitler.
Keduanya memiliki tanggal lahir yang cuma berjarak empat hari. Keduanya punya kumis yang mirip. Keduanya sama dibesarkan dalam kemiskinan sampai akhirnya tenar dengan cara masing-masing.
Berkomedi tentang Hitler dipandang amat kontroversial, namun saat itu kemerdekaan keuangan Chaplin mempersilakannya untuk mengambil resiko tersebut. “I was determined to go ahead,” tulis Chaplin dalam otobiografinya, “for Hitler must be laughed at.”
Ia pernah dituduh sebagai seorang komunis ketika red scares atau gelombang anti-komunis tengah mewabah di Amerika Serikat.
FBI pada 1922 pernah melakukan penyelidikan terhadapnya. Hal ini dilakukan setelah mereka melihat gelagat Chaplin yang dinilai menaruh simpati pada kemiskinan yang langgeng di tengah masyarakat kapitalis modern (Tirto.id, Sejarah Hidup Charlie Chaplin: Dituduh Komunis, Mati di Hari Natal).
Komedian seangkatan Chaplin, Buster Keaton, pernah mendengar kawannya itu memuji-muji komunisme. “Komunisme,” kata Keaton menirukan Chaplin, “akan mengubah segalanya dan menghapuskan kemiskinan.”
Meski demikian, pada 1942, Chaplin mengatakan, “Saya bukan seorang komunis, tapi saya bangga mengatakan bahwa saya sangat pro-komunis”.
Tahun 1972, Chaplin kembali ke Amerika Serikat untuk menerima penghargaan atas karyanya yang tak terhitung jumlahnya untuk seni sepanjang abad.
Setelah menerima penghargaan itu, para hadirin memberikan standing ovation selama 5 menit penuh dan tercatat sebagai standing ovation terlama sepanjang sejarah Academy Award, seperti yang ditulis biografiku.com.
Sosok Charlie Chaplin dianggap sebagai seseorang yang berpengaruh dalam kemajuan dunia industri perfilman. Enam film karya Charlie Chaplin terpilih sebagai Pendaftaran Film Nasional oleh Perpustakaan Kongres Amerika Serikat.
Liri Lerianda
Referensi:
[1] Tirto.id, Sejarah Hidup Charlie Chaplin: Dituduh Komunis, Mati di Hari Natal
[2] Wikipedia – Ensiklopedia Bebas, Charlie Chaplin
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